一、概述印度在政府更迭频繁和各派政治努力的纷争角逐中步入1991年。新年伊始,海湾战争切断了印度的重要石油来源,能源短缺使经济陷入举步维艰的境地,外汇储备的急剧下降更是雪上加霜。政府不得不将400吨黄金运往英格兰银行作为抵押。此时,印度经济已近崩溃的边缘。 I. Overview India entered the year 1991 with the frequent alternation of government and the clashes of various political efforts. At the beginning of the new year, the Gulf War cut off the important oil source in India. The shortage of energy plunged the economy into a difficult situation and the drastic drop in foreign exchange reserves even worsened. The government had to ship 400 tons of gold to the Bank of England as collateral. At this point, India’s economy has been on the verge of collapse.