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柏拉图的《理想国》是哲学史上最为重要的著作之一,他在其中构建了人类历史上最早的乌托邦。在对雅典民主政治失望透顶时,他提出“哲学王”统治城邦的观点,并强调真理认识和道德的重要性和内在联系。著名的“日喻”、“线喻”、“洞喻”则是生动形象地展现了人的认识发展,以及认识与教育的关系。同时,柏拉图认为正义乃是教育应该奉行的基本要求,教育本身就应该是正义。
Plato’s “ideal nation” is one of the most important works in the history of philosophy, in which he built the first utopia in human history. When he was disappointed with the democracy in Athens, he put forward the view that the “philosopher-king” ruled the city-state and stressed the importance and internal connection of truth understanding and morality. The famous “Japanese metaphor ”, “line metaphor ”, “hole metaphor ” is a vivid image of people’s cognitive development, and the relationship between knowledge and education. At the same time, Plato believes that justice is the basic requirement that education should adhere to. Education itself should be just.