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目的了解北京社区失能老年人与照护现状。方法采取分层、随机、整群的抽样方法,入户调查西城区(城区)、大兴区(郊区农村)和怀柔区(山区农村)60岁及以上老年人2776例。采用日常生活活动能力量表评估老年人的失能状况。结果调查的老年人中失能老年人为324例,占11.7%,农村失能老年人构成比(16.8%)高于城区(7.4%);随年龄增长失能率增高。10.8%的失能老年人为独居,无照料人同住,尤其农村及女性失能老年人独居比例高。失能老年人的照护人主要是子女(56.6%),其次是配偶(31.1%)。62.7%的失能老年人月均收入在500元以下,农村低收入比例明显高于城区。失能老年人家庭认为目前医药负担较重的占67.6%,其中28.7%的失能老年人家庭认为承受困难。结论老年人失能比例高,家庭与社会照护现状不能满足需求的增长,应探索和建立失能老年人长期照护的有效模式。
Objective To understand the status quo of disabled elderly and caregivers in Beijing community. Methods A stratified, randomized and cluster sampling method was used to survey 2,776 elderly people aged 60 years and over in Xicheng District (urban district), Daxing District (rural areas in rural areas) and Huairou District (rural areas in mountainous areas). The daily living activity scale was used to assess the disability of the elderly. Results Among the elderly surveyed, 324 cases were disabled, accounting for 11.7%. The proportion of disabled elderly in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas (16.8%). The incidence of disability increased with age. 10.8% of the disabled elderly live alone and unaccompanied people, especially those living in rural areas and women with disabilities. Caregivers of disabled seniors are mainly children (56.6%), followed by spouses (31.1%). 62.7% of disabled seniors have an average monthly income of less than 500 yuan, and the proportion of rural low-incomes is obviously higher than that of urban areas. Disability elderly families think the current burden of medicine accounted for 67.6%, of which 28.7% of disabled elderly families that bear with difficulties. Conclusions The elderly have a high proportion of incapacitated patients and the current situation of family and social care can not meet the increasing demand. Therefore, we should explore and establish an effective mode of long-term care for disabled elderly people.