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目的探讨周围神经损伤晚期修复后脊髓运动神经元数量、超微结构的改变及修复后神经电生理学的变化。方法新西兰兔１６只行双侧腓总神经切断１年后，随机分成退变组和修复术后１、３及５个月组。另设４只兔为正常对照组。外膜缝合法修复神经后１、３及５个月行电生理学观察，用辣根过氧化物酶逆行标记法显示脊髓运动神经元，行光镜、电镜观察。结果①失神经１年后脊髓运动神经元为正常的４５％，经统计学处理有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。晚期修复腓总神经１、３及５个月，脊髓运动神经元分别为正常的４８％、５７％和６８％有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。②脊髓运动神经元的超微结构可逐渐恢复正常。③随着再生时间延长，神经传导的潜伏期缩短、神经肌肉传导速度增快和动作电位波幅增高。结论周围神经损伤晚期修复后，脊髓运动神经元和神经电生理均表现再生迹象，提示晚期神经损伤仍有修复价值
Objective To investigate the changes of the number and ultrastructure of spinal motor neurons and the electrophysiological changes after spinal cord repair in late stage of peripheral nerve injury. Methods Sixteen New Zealand rabbits were divided into degenerative group and 1,3 and 5 months after operation by bilateral common peroneal nerve transection for one year. Another 4 rabbits as a normal control group. Electrophysiological observation was performed 1, 3 and 5 months after the nerve was repaired by adventitia suture. The spinal motor neurons were observed by retrograde labeling of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Results ① After 1 year of denervation, motor neurons in the spinal cord were normal 45% and statistically significant (P <0.01). One, three and five months after repair of the common peroneal nerve in the late stage, the motor neurons in the spinal cord were significantly different from normal 48%, 57% and 68%, respectively (P <0.01). ② spinal motoneurons ultrastructure can gradually return to normal. ③ With the regeneration time, the latency of nerve conduction shortens, neuromuscular conduction speed and action potential amplitude increased. Conclusions After the late repair of peripheral nerve injury, the motor neuron and the electrophysiology of spinal cord both show signs of regeneration, suggesting that there is still a value for repair of advanced nerve injury