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官僚制作为一种理性和高效的组织形式,适应了现代工业社会和社会化大分工的需要,实现了从传统权威到法理权威、从传统专制统治到现代法理统治的巨大转变。正如韦伯所预言的那样,官僚制自诞生以来,受到了普遍的推崇,已经逐步发展成为现代社会组织普遍的结构模式和管理模式。同时,它自诞生以来就受到过种种非议,无论是其对整个社会的影响,还是官僚制在实际操作方面的缺陷,人们都对之进行了系统批评。有学者指出,随着新公共管理实践的兴起,
As a rational and highly efficient organizational form, bureaucracy has adapted to the needs of modern industrial society and social division of labor and has realized a tremendous change from the traditional authority to jurisprudence authority and from traditional autocracy to the rule of modern jurisprudence. As Weber predicted, since the establishment of the bureaucracy, it has been universally respected and has gradually evolved into a common structural and management model of modern social organizations. At the same time, since it was born, it has been subjected to all kinds of criticisms, both in its impact on society as a whole, and as a bureaucratic system in practical operation. All people criticized it systematically. Some scholars pointed out that with the rise of new public management practices,