本文在认真研读相关文献的基础上 ,对西夏开国人口作了较为深入细致的考察和论述 ,认为由于史料采信等原因 ,以往研究与历史事实多有出入 ,存在不少问题。文章进而指出 ,特定的历史与地理条件决定了西夏自建国伊始即是一个“土地有限 ,人民有数”的地方性民族割据政权 ,其开国兵力不过 30余万 ,人口总数则仅及百万 Based on a careful study of the relevant literature, this paper makes a more detailed and thorough investigation and discussion of the founding population of Xixia, and considers that there are many problems with previous studies and historical facts because of historical reasons and so on. The article further points out that the specific historical and geographical conditions determine that from the very beginning of its founding, Xixia was a local ethnic separatist regime with “limited land and ample people”. Although its founding strength was only about 300,000, the total population was only one million