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诊断辐射损伤,一般都以分析染色体畸变作为一项重要的参考指标,但因染色体标本制备复杂、观察费时,难以推广或作群体普查。近年来有资料介绍微核测定,方法简便易行,和染色体畸变有一定的关系,是细胞遗传学方法之一,已在辐射损伤和化学诱变研究中得到广泛应用。现将微核测定在辐射损伤中的应用予以扼要介绍。 一、微核测定的方法 微核亦称核卫星、包涵体或核碎片,存在于细胞浆中与主核完全脱离、边缘整齐平滑、染色和主核结构一致。这种微核多呈圆形或卵圆形,大小不等,与主核的比例也不一致,小的直径在1微米左右,大的可达3微米以上,但不超过主核的1/5～1/3。微核的Feulgem反应呈阳性,用H~3TdR标记证明有合成DNA的能力。
In the diagnosis of radiation damage, chromosomal aberrations are generally considered as an important reference index, but due to the complex preparation of chromosome samples and time-consuming observation, it is difficult to generalize or conduct a population survey. In recent years, data have been introduced to describe micronucleus assays. The method is simple and feasible, and has a certain relationship with chromosomal aberrations. It is one of the cytogenetic methods and has been widely used in studies of radiation damage and chemical mutagenesis. The application of micronucleus assays in radiation damage is briefly described. First, the method of micronucleus determination Micronucleus, also known as nuclear satellites, inclusion bodies or nuclear debris, exists in the cytoplasm completely detached from the main nucleus, the edge of a neat and smooth, staining and the main nucleus structure. This kind of micronucleus is mostly round or oval, and its size is not equal. The ratio of the micronucleus to the main nucleus is also inconsistent. The small diameter is about 1 micron, and the large one is more than 3 micron, but not more than 1/5 of the main nucleus. ~ 1/3. The Feulgem reaction of micronuclei was positive, and the ability to synthesize DNA was confirmed by H~3TdR labeling.