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镇海中学
考点一：should/could/might have done在虚拟语气中的运用
例1—Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn’t finish the assignment yesterday.
—Oh, youhave done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must B. mustn’t C. should D. shouldn’t
例2He did not regret saying what he did but felt that heit differently.
A. could express B. would express
C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
例3What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, hebetter.
A. need have done B. must have done
C. can have done D. might have done
【考点解析】
虚拟语气分为对过去、现在和将来的虚拟。
对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语用did或were，主句的谓语用would/should/
could/might do。例如：If I were in your position, I would treat her in the way she treats you.
对将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用did, should do或were to do，主句的谓语用would/should/could/might do。例如：If it rained, the crops would be saved this year.
而例1、例2和例3则考查了对过去的虚拟，都表示与过去的事实相反的情况，主句的谓语应该用should/could/might have done。
例1中第二句的句意为“你应该昨天就完成作业的，因为昨天是最后期限”，should have done表示“本来应该做而未做”，选C。
例2的句意为“他并不后悔说了他所做的事，只是觉得如果用一种不同的方式表达或许更好”，could have done表示“本来能够做而没有做”，选C。
例3的句意为“太可惜了，鉴于他的能力和经验，他本来可以发挥得更好”，might have done表示“本来也许可以做到”，选D。
考点二：if引导的虚拟条件从句
例4—The weather has been very hot and dry.
—Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .
A. wouldn’t die B. didn’t die
C. hadn’t died D. wouldn’t have died
例5If hemy advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow
【考点解析】
以上两题考查了虚拟语气中最基本的if引导的虚拟条件从句，都是对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语用had done，主句的谓语用would/should/could/might have done。
例4中第二句的句意为“要是当时下雨了，现在的情况就好多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了”。从题干中可提炼出两个虚拟句，一句是If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now，这是对现在的虚拟；另一句是If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables，是对过去的虚拟，所以选D。
例5的句意为“如果当时他听从我的意见，就不会丢了工作”，是对过去的虚拟，考查的是从句的谓语，选C。
考点三：省略if的虚拟条件从句
例6Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .
A. would have been saved B. had been saved
C. will be saved D. was saved
【考点解析】
在if引导的虚拟条件从句中，如果从句的谓语含有were, had或should，则可以省略if并将were, had或should提到句首。例如：
Should it not rain tomorrow, we would go fishing的原形为If it should not rain tomorrow, we would go fishing；
Were she to win the game, she would phone you immediately的原形为If she were to win the game, she would phone you immediately；
Had he been more careful, such mistakes could have been avoided的原形为If he had been more careful, such mistakes could have been avoided。
例6的题干可以还原成：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy 。句意为“如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了”，这是对过去情况的虚拟，故选A。
考点四：含蓄的虚拟条件从句
例7But for the help of my English teacher, Ithe first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win B. would not have won
C. would win D. would have won
例8Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think weit without you.
A. can manage B. could have managed
C. could manage D. can have managed
【考点解析】
对过去的虚拟，有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句来表现，而是通过一个词或介词短语来引导，常见的有without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but等。例如：
But that he had no money at the time, he would have come to help us. 要不是他当时缺钱，他也许就来帮助我们了。
He was having a meeting, otherwise he would have come over to help us. 他当时正在开会，否则他就来帮助我们了。
例7和例8两题都采用了含蓄的形式表现虚拟情况。例7用but for引导假设的条件，句意为“要不是英语老师的帮助，我不可能获得英语写作大赛的第一名”，是对过去的虚拟，因此选B。例8中的句意为“要是没有你，我认为我们干不成这事”，介词短语without you是假设的条件，而时间状语last week表明句子陈述的内容与过去的事实相反，因此选B。
考点五：虚实错综句
例9Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he .
A. was busy B. is busy
C. had been busy D. will be busy
【考点解析】
“虚实错综句”是指虚拟现象与客观事实夹杂在一起的句子。这时就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟现象，应使用虚拟语气；哪一处是客观事实，应使用陈述语气。
例9的句意为“鲍勃本来是会帮助我们的，但是他昨天很忙”，前半句表示对过去的虚拟，后半句则是过去的客观事实，故应使用一般过去时，选A。
【牛刀小试】
1. Ihave watched that movie, it has given me horrible dreams.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
2. Without electricity, human lifequite different today.
A. is B. will be
C. would have been D. would be
3. John went to the hospital alone. If heme about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
4. I forget where I read the article, or Iit to you now.
A. will show B. would show
C. am going to show D. am showing
5.smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given up
C. Did he give up D. If he gave up
【参考答案】
1. A （句意为“我不应该看那部电影的，它给我带来了噩梦”，是对过去的虚拟，因此选A）
2. D （句意为“要是没有电，人类现在的生活将大不一样”，是对现在的虚拟，因此选D）
3. D （句意为“约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我，我会陪他去的”，if引导的虚拟条件从句表示对过去的虚拟，故选D）
4. B （句意为“我忘了在哪儿见过这篇文章，不然我就可以告诉你了”，这是一个含蓄的虚拟条件从句，or表示“不然”，引导了对现在的虚拟，选B）
5. B （句意为“如果他戒烟了，他也就不会得肺癌了”，这是省略if的虚拟条件从句，表示对过去的虚拟，故选B）
考点一：should/could/might have done在虚拟语气中的运用
例1—Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn’t finish the assignment yesterday.
—Oh, youhave done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must B. mustn’t C. should D. shouldn’t
例2He did not regret saying what he did but felt that heit differently.
A. could express B. would express
C. could have expressed D. must have expressed
例3What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, hebetter.
A. need have done B. must have done
C. can have done D. might have done
【考点解析】
虚拟语气分为对过去、现在和将来的虚拟。
对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语用did或were，主句的谓语用would/should/
could/might do。例如：If I were in your position, I would treat her in the way she treats you.
对将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用did, should do或were to do，主句的谓语用would/should/could/might do。例如：If it rained, the crops would be saved this year.
而例1、例2和例3则考查了对过去的虚拟，都表示与过去的事实相反的情况，主句的谓语应该用should/could/might have done。
例1中第二句的句意为“你应该昨天就完成作业的，因为昨天是最后期限”，should have done表示“本来应该做而未做”，选C。
例2的句意为“他并不后悔说了他所做的事，只是觉得如果用一种不同的方式表达或许更好”，could have done表示“本来能够做而没有做”，选C。
例3的句意为“太可惜了，鉴于他的能力和经验，他本来可以发挥得更好”，might have done表示“本来也许可以做到”，选D。
考点二：if引导的虚拟条件从句
例4—The weather has been very hot and dry.
—Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .
A. wouldn’t die B. didn’t die
C. hadn’t died D. wouldn’t have died
例5If hemy advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job.
A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow
【考点解析】
以上两题考查了虚拟语气中最基本的if引导的虚拟条件从句，都是对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语用had done，主句的谓语用would/should/could/might have done。
例4中第二句的句意为“要是当时下雨了，现在的情况就好多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了”。从题干中可提炼出两个虚拟句，一句是If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now，这是对现在的虚拟；另一句是If it had rained even a drop, my vegetables，是对过去的虚拟，所以选D。
例5的句意为“如果当时他听从我的意见，就不会丢了工作”，是对过去的虚拟，考查的是从句的谓语，选C。
考点三：省略if的虚拟条件从句
例6Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .
A. would have been saved B. had been saved
C. will be saved D. was saved
【考点解析】
在if引导的虚拟条件从句中，如果从句的谓语含有were, had或should，则可以省略if并将were, had或should提到句首。例如：
Should it not rain tomorrow, we would go fishing的原形为If it should not rain tomorrow, we would go fishing；
Were she to win the game, she would phone you immediately的原形为If she were to win the game, she would phone you immediately；
Had he been more careful, such mistakes could have been avoided的原形为If he had been more careful, such mistakes could have been avoided。
例6的题干可以还原成：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy 。句意为“如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了”，这是对过去情况的虚拟，故选A。
考点四：含蓄的虚拟条件从句
例7But for the help of my English teacher, Ithe first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win B. would not have won
C. would win D. would have won
例8Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think weit without you.
A. can manage B. could have managed
C. could manage D. can have managed
【考点解析】
对过去的虚拟，有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句来表现，而是通过一个词或介词短语来引导，常见的有without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but等。例如：
But that he had no money at the time, he would have come to help us. 要不是他当时缺钱，他也许就来帮助我们了。
He was having a meeting, otherwise he would have come over to help us. 他当时正在开会，否则他就来帮助我们了。
例7和例8两题都采用了含蓄的形式表现虚拟情况。例7用but for引导假设的条件，句意为“要不是英语老师的帮助，我不可能获得英语写作大赛的第一名”，是对过去的虚拟，因此选B。例8中的句意为“要是没有你，我认为我们干不成这事”，介词短语without you是假设的条件，而时间状语last week表明句子陈述的内容与过去的事实相反，因此选B。
考点五：虚实错综句
例9Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he .
A. was busy B. is busy
C. had been busy D. will be busy
【考点解析】
“虚实错综句”是指虚拟现象与客观事实夹杂在一起的句子。这时就需要我们细心判断哪一处是虚拟现象，应使用虚拟语气；哪一处是客观事实，应使用陈述语气。
例9的句意为“鲍勃本来是会帮助我们的，但是他昨天很忙”，前半句表示对过去的虚拟，后半句则是过去的客观事实，故应使用一般过去时，选A。
【牛刀小试】
1. Ihave watched that movie, it has given me horrible dreams.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
2. Without electricity, human lifequite different today.
A. is B. will be
C. would have been D. would be
3. John went to the hospital alone. If heme about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told
4. I forget where I read the article, or Iit to you now.
A. will show B. would show
C. am going to show D. am showing
5.smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given up
C. Did he give up D. If he gave up
【参考答案】
1. A （句意为“我不应该看那部电影的，它给我带来了噩梦”，是对过去的虚拟，因此选A）
2. D （句意为“要是没有电，人类现在的生活将大不一样”，是对现在的虚拟，因此选D）
3. D （句意为“约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我，我会陪他去的”，if引导的虚拟条件从句表示对过去的虚拟，故选D）
4. B （句意为“我忘了在哪儿见过这篇文章，不然我就可以告诉你了”，这是一个含蓄的虚拟条件从句，or表示“不然”，引导了对现在的虚拟，选B）
5. B （句意为“如果他戒烟了，他也就不会得肺癌了”，这是省略if的虚拟条件从句，表示对过去的虚拟，故选B）