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流行性乙型脑炎(以下简称乙脑)是由乙脑病毒引起的一种血液传染病。乙脑病毒借助于蚊子和其他吸血性昆虫而传播。病毒侵入机体后到达血液,引起病毒血症。随着血液循环通过血脑屏障侵害中枢神经系统,使大脑组织发生病理性改变,引起脑炎。人们无论隐性感染还是显性感染乙脑病毒后,都可以发生病毒血症。因此,通过昆虫叮咬吸血,人和人之间是可以实现传播的。但人体感染乙脑病毒后,病毒血症维持时间较短,而且病毒血症的强度也较低,所以人与人之间传播的机会较少,人作为传染源的可能性很小。现在研究证明,乙脑的主要传染源是家畜,其中主要是猪。
Japanese encephalitis (hereinafter referred to as JE) is a blood-borne disease caused by JE virus. JE virus is transmitted by means of mosquitoes and other blood-sucking insects. Virus invades the body and reaches the bloodstream, causing viremia. With blood circulation through the blood-brain barrier against the central nervous system, the pathological changes in brain tissue, causing encephalitis. Viremia can occur regardless of latent or dominant infection with JE virus. Therefore, through the insect bite vampire, can be achieved between people and spread. However, after the human body is infected with Japanese encephalitis virus, the duration of viremia maintenance is shorter and the viremia intensity is lower. Therefore, there is less chance of transmission among people and the possibility of people as a source of infection is very small. Now research shows that the main source of infection of JE is domestic animals, mainly pigs.