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探讨了自由锻台阶轴锻件工艺优化的离散变量求解特点，引入离散变量空间的轴径特征矩阵表示和台阶轴锻件类型的“０－１”编码方法，建立了台阶轴锻件离散优化选型的数学模型。应用算例表明，采用轴径特征矩阵的离散搜索算法ＭＤＯＤ可靠、高效。
The characteristics of the discrete variables for the process optimization of the free forging step shaft forgings were discussed. The “0-1” coding method was introduced to introduce the shaft diameter feature matrix of the discrete variable space and the type of the step shaft forgings, and the mathematics model. The application example shows that MDOD, which is a discrete search algorithm with axis characteristic matrix, is reliable and efficient.