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目的分析2003-2012年重庆市霍乱流行病学特征及监测效果,为防制对策提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对重庆市2003-2010霍乱疫情资料进行分析。每年5-10月份选择渝中区和璧山县开展水产品监测,并对旧疫点进行监测分析。结果2003-2010年共报告霍乱病例117例,带菌者568例,死亡2例,病死率为1.7%,无二代病例发生,血清分型均为O139群。97.4%的病例由聚餐引起,菜品中有甲鱼等水产品,由食品交叉污染所致。从水产品及涂抹液中分离到霍乱菌株16株,2006年后水产品阳性样品均为O1群非流行株,旧疫点监测未发现阳性标本。结论病例的流行菌群和水产品的监测结果一致。聚餐为重庆市霍乱暴发的主要方式,应加强甲鱼、牛蛙等海水产品的卫生知识宣传,提高群众的卫生意识。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and monitoring results of cholera in Chongqing from 2003 to 2012 and provide evidence for prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the cholera epidemic data in Chongqing from 2003-2010. From May to October every year, Yuzhong District and Bishan County are selected to carry out aquatic products monitoring and monitoring of the old epidemic spots. Results A total of 117 cases of cholera were reported in 2003-2010. There were 568 carriers and 2 deaths with a case fatality rate of 1.7%. No case of second-genotype was found and the serotypes were O139. 97.4% of the cases caused by the dinner, there are soft-shelled turtle and other aquatic products, caused by cross-contamination of food. 16 strains of cholera were isolated from aquatic products and coating solution. After 2006, all the positive samples of aquatic products were non-epidemic group O1. No positive samples were found from the old epidemic surveillance. Conclusion The prevalence of cases of bacteria and aquatic products monitoring results. Dinner is the main method of cholera outbreak in Chongqing. We should step up publicity of hygiene knowledge of marine products such as turtles and bullfrogs and raise people’s awareness of hygiene.