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我国南方红壤丘陵区受降雨和土壤性状影响,洪涝灾害与季节性干旱等问题并存,研究坡地降雨过程中径流输出特征具有重要意义。为此,利用江西省水土保持生态科技园内大型土壤渗漏装置,研究了3年期间32场天然次降雨下植草覆盖、干草敷盖和裸露3种不同处理的红壤坡地径流输出特征。结果表明,小雨雨型下,研究区红壤坡地均不产生地表径流;中雨雨型下,植草覆盖、干草敷盖、裸露处理的壤中流所占地表径流和壤中流总量比例分别为58%、80%和12%;对于促进降雨入渗,干草敷盖最优。大雨及以上雨型下,植草覆盖和干草敷盖处理以壤中流为主,占比分别为63%和64%,裸露处理以地表径流为主,占比93%。在红壤坡地开发中除栽种植物加强植被覆盖外,辅以敷盖措施能起到更好的保水保墒效果。
The red soil hilly region in southern China is affected by rainfall and soil properties, and the coexistence of flood disasters and seasonal drought. It is of great significance to study the characteristics of runoff output during raining on sloping land. Therefore, the runoff output characteristics of red soil slope in three different treatments including grass cover, hay cover and nudity under 32 natural sub-rains in three years were studied by using large soil seepage device in Jiangxi Provincial Soil and Water Conservation Ecological Science Park. The results showed that no surface runoff occurred in the red soil slopes of the study area under the rainy rainfall type. The ratios of total surface runoff and soil midsflow in the middle-rainy-type, grass-covered, hay-covered and bare-treated soil were 58% , 80% and 12%, respectively. For the purpose of promoting rainfall infiltration, hay coverage is the best. Under heavy rain and above, grass cover and hay cover were dominated by soil inflow, accounting for 63% and 64% respectively. Surface runoff was the main exposure, accounting for 93%. In the development of red soil slope in addition to planting plants to strengthen vegetation cover, supplemented by cover measures can play a better water retention effect.