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目的观察基于自我效能理论的哮喘患者的自我管理干预对支气管哮喘患者的自我管理能力与健康状况的影响。方法 2015年1月至2016年1月随机选择70例支气管哮喘患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表分为研究组和对照组,各35例。对照组接受门诊常规哮喘治疗和护理,研究组在对照组的基础上再进行为期3个月的自我管理干预,干预前后进行自我管理行为问卷及采用健康状况问卷(SF-36)调查分析患者的自我行为管理能力和健康状况。结果研究组和对照组干预后自我管理行为总分及各部分(避免诱发因素、病情监测、发作症状的识别和处理、遵医嘱服药、及时和按时就诊)得分均较干预前明显提高(P<0.05);研究组干预后自我管理行为总分及各部分得分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组和对照组干预后SF-36总分及各部分(生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、社会职能、情感职能、精神健康)得分均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05);研究组干预后SF-36总分及各部分得分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论自我管理干预能有效改善支气管哮喘患者的自我管理能力与健康状况。
Objective To observe the effect of self-management intervention on asthma patients’ self-management ability and health condition based on self-efficacy theory. Methods From January 2015 to January 2016, 70 patients with bronchial asthma were randomly selected as study subjects, divided into study group and control group according to random number table, 35 cases in each group. The control group received routine outpatient asthma treatment and nursing. The research group conducted self-management intervention for 3 months on the basis of the control group, self-management behavioral questionnaire before and after the intervention and the questionnaire using the health status questionnaire (SF-36) Self-management ability and health status. Results After the intervention, the scores of self-management behaviors and parts (avoidance of the predisposing factors, condition monitoring, the identification and treatment of the symptoms of the attacks, taking the medicine by the doctor, timely and on-time treatment) of the study group and the control group were significantly higher than those before the intervention (P < 0.05). After the intervention, the scores of self-management behaviors and scores of each part in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). The total score of SF-36 and its parts (physiological function, physiological function, Physical scores, physical health, energy, social functions, emotional functions and mental health) were significantly higher than those before treatment (P <0.05). The scores of SF-36 scores and scores of all groups in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Self-management intervention can effectively improve the self-management ability and health of patients with bronchial asthma.