５０ 年代以来，由于社会经济迅速发展的压力，加上保护不力，使长江流域上中游生态环境趋于恶化。对长江流域各省市生态环境破坏状况的调研表明，与长江流域洪灾加剧紧密相关的生态破坏主要是：森林过度采伐，植被破坏严重；坡地盲目开垦，水土流失加重；湖泊消亡加剧，蓄洪容量减小；泥沙大量淤积，河道泄洪能力下降。 Since the 1950s, due to the pressure of rapid socio-economic development and weak protection, the ecological environment in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River valley has been aggravated. The investigation on the damage of the ecological environment in various provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River Basin shows that the ecological damage closely related to the increased flood in the Yangtze River Basin is mainly: excessive deforestation and serious vegetation destruction; blind reclamation of the slopes and increased soil erosion; extinction of lakes and reduced capacity of flood storage ; Siltation a large number of siltation, river discharge capacity decline.