目的:探讨甲状旁腺切除术(PTX)对肾移植后持续性甲状旁腺功能亢进(PHPT)的疗效及对移植肾功能的影响。方法:回顾性分析2010年5月至2018年10月在浙江大学附属第一医院肾脏病中心接受PTX治疗的31例肾移植后PHPT受者的临床资料，比较术前和术后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月的血钙、血磷、碱性磷酸酶、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、血肌酐、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)的变化，统计术后12个月时手术成功率和术后并发症发生率。手术成功定义为PTX后血钙恢复正常和(或)PTH较术前下降>50%。结果:术前血钙为(2.78±0.18)mmol/L，术后1周下降至(2.19±0.34)mmol/L(n P50% in PTH as compared with pre-operation.Results:The serum calcium pre-PTX was(2.78±0.18)mmol/L and it decreased markedly to(2.19±0.34)mmol/L at 1 week post-operation(n P<0.01). The serum phosphorus pre-PTX was(0.76±0.16)mmol/L and it dropped significantly to(0.97±0.26)mmol/L at 1 week post-operation(n P<0.01). The pre-PTX level of PTH was(276.00±200.60)ng/L and it decreased significantly to(46.62±104.36)ng/L at 1 week post-operation(n P<0.01). The pre-PTX level of alkaline phosphatase was(261.59±236.95)U/L and it declined significantly to(154.90±117.37)U/L at 3 months post-operation(n P<0.01). No significant difference existed in postoperative serum creatinine or eGFR levels compared with baseline values. The operative successful rate was 90.3% at 12 months post-operation. The incidence rates of postoperative transient hypocalcemia, persistent hypoparathyroidism and hoarseness were 35.5%, 3.2% and 3.2% respectively. There was no persistent hypocalcemia, incision hemorrhage, incision infection or surgery-related death.n Conclusions:PTX may quickly and effectively alleviate high calcium, low phosphorus, high PTH and high alkaline phosphatase after renal transplantation. Both effective and safe for PHPT after renal transplantation, PTX has no effect on renal allograft function.