实施改革,提高效益扭转效益低劣的局面是管理者面临的严峻挑战。无论挑战来自何种形式,战胜它并不容易,总有一番周折。管理者不单要考虑如何实现改革的目标,还需要取得受改革影响最大的那部分人的合作。而且,即便这方面能如愿以偿,阻力尽除,但若找不到潜伏着的真正问题和产生的原因,那也只能是徒劳无益。一、找出问题的症结所在要找出问题的症结所在,必须首先确定有哪些混乱的状况急需改革。对于日常工作中冒出的具体问题和困难,管理者若把精力放在“头痛医头,脚痛医脚”的应付上,那就别想找到能长期“治本”的根本出路。所 The implementation of reforms to improve efficiency and reverse the poor performance is a serious challenge faced by managers. Regardless of the form of the challenge, it is not easy to overcome it. There is always a setback. Managers must not only consider how to achieve the goal of reform, but also need to get the cooperation of the people most affected by the reform. Moreover, even if this aspect can be fulfilled, the resistance will be eliminated, but if it is impossible to find the hidden real problems and the causes, it can only be useless. First, to find out the crux of the problem To find out the crux of the problem, we must first determine what chaotic situation in urgent need of reform. With regard to the specific problems and difficulties that arise in daily work, if managers focus on the coping of “a headache and a foot massage,” then don’t think about finding the fundamental way out for a long-term “curative treatment.” By