序言一个世纪以前,当美国考古学民族学皮博迪博物馆成立时,新生的人类学能否作为一门完整的学科存在并繁荣起来,完全是不得而知的。人类学的主要竞争者,研究人类历史和风俗的民族学确立于十九世纪六十年代;而考古学、语言学、体质人类学那时还处于不同的发展阶段;对社会制度和文化制度进行比较研究的社会人类学则正在草创时期。过去的一百年里,民族学和社会人类学是在它们的姊妹学科及有关的社会科学、人文科 Preface A century ago, when the American Museum of Archeology and Peabody was founded, it is completely unknown whether the new anthropology can exist and flourish as a complete discipline. The main competitors of anthropology, ethnography of human history and customs were established in the 1860s; while archeology, linguistics and physical anthropology were still at different stages of development; the social system and cultural system The comparative research of social anthropology is in the grass-making period. In the past hundred years, ethnology and social anthropology have been studied in their sister schools and related social sciences and humanities