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根据二维定常不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程和k-ε双方程紊流模型,采用有限体积法对客车、敞车、棚车和罐车4种不同外形铁路车辆在路堤高度、横风风速相同条件下的横向气动性能进行分析与比较。研究结果表明:对于车顶外形为圆弧形的车型,空气流过圆弧形车顶时流速增加,压力下降,故其升力较大;对于车顶外形为钝形的车型,车体迎风面正压区域较大,而背风侧产生较大的漩涡区,在此区域内压力较小,故其侧向力较大;在横风作用下,客车、敞车、棚车和罐车4种车型中,罐车的侧滚力矩最小,稳定性最强,敞车和客车次之,棚车的侧滚力矩最大,其稳定性最弱;在进行强横风地段挡风墙优化设计时,可将棚车作为设防车型,以保证所有列车在强横风地段运行安全。
According to the two-dimensional steady incompressible Navier-Stokes equation and the k-ε two-equation turbulence model, the finite volume method is applied to the analysis of the transverse direction of the four types of railway vehicles with the same embankment height and cross wind speed Aerodynamic performance analysis and comparison. The results show that: for the roof shape of the arc-shaped models, the air flow through the arcuate roof when the flow rate increases, the pressure drop, so the lift is greater; for the roof shape of the blunt shape of the vehicle body windward side The positive pressure area is larger, and the leeward side produces a larger swirl zone, and the pressure in this area is smaller, so the lateral force is larger; under the crosswind effect, among the 4 models of buses, gondola cars, box cars and tank trucks, The rolling moment of the tanker is the smallest, the stability is the strongest, followed by the gondola and the passenger train, the rolling moment of the box is the largest, and its stability is the weakest. When optimizing the wind wall of the strong windy section, To ensure that all trains in the tyrannical wind safety operation.