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航天器大上多数小型直流电机,至今只要求在真空环境中工作。但随着航天飞机的发展,小型传动电机必须在地面及空间环境中都工作。本文报导了评价小型直流电机电刷在大气及真空中的性能试验。根据研究和对销售者的调查,选出13种候选的电刷材料。将永磁电机与并励电机耦联起来,用以考察每种电刷材料。监测了在大气及真空中工作时的电机性能,并在每个试验间隔测量了电刷的磨损。在13种最初的候选材料中,有2种不能加工成电刷,3种呈现出高磨损,剩下的8种是可以采用的。其中有一种材料比其它的要好得多。因此在很多航天器中有可能使用本来就简单、便宜的电刷电机来代替复杂的无刷直流电机。但在任何特殊应用之前,这些成功的候选材料还要作进一步的鉴定性试验,如振动、温度试验等。
Most small spacecraft large DC motors, so far only require work in a vacuum environment. But with the development of the space shuttle, a small drive motor must work in both ground and space environments. This paper reports the performance evaluation of small DC motor brush in air and vacuum. Based on research and salespeople surveys, 13 candidate brush materials were selected. The permanent magnet motor and shunt motor coupled to examine each brush material. The performance of the motor when operating in the atmosphere and in the vacuum was monitored and the wear of the brush was measured at each test interval. Of the 13 first candidate materials, two failed to process brushes, three showed high wear and the remaining eight were available. One of these materials is much better than the others. So in many spacecraft it is possible to use a simple, cheap brush motor instead of a complex brushless DC motor. However, prior to any particular application, these successful candidate materials are subject to further qualification tests such as vibration and temperature testing.