本文主要介绍了20世纪90年代以来欧盟尤其是德国在电力和天然气领域打破传统的垄断结构、引入竞争机制的发展过程及现状,欧盟为此先后两次颁布的指令及其在成员国尤其是德国的实施情况。通过对如何确定网络使用对价数额这一关键问题的分析,作者指出供应廉价与供应安全间存在紧张关系,并希望德国的经验能对中国能源领域自由化提供有益的借鉴。 This article mainly introduces the development process and current situation that the EU, especially Germany, broke the traditional monopoly structure in the fields of power and natural gas and introduced the competition mechanism since the 1990s. The directive issued by the EU twice for this purpose and its application in the member countries, especially Germany The implementation of the situation. Through the analysis of the key issue of how to determine the amount of Internet usage, the author points out that there is tension between supply cheapness and supply security and hopes that the German experience can provide useful reference for the liberalization of China’s energy field.