论文部分内容阅读
目的 研究当前厂矿中尘肺发病率水平。方法 按统一设计方案 ,对 11个厂矿和 1个综合性地区 (辽宁省 )的尘肺发病情况进行回顾性调查。以不同开始接尘年度工龄分布表为基础 ,用寿命表法计算 30年工龄累计尘肺发病率。统一用一次断面采样法和围岩构成加权平均法重新采样分析 ,统计出工种(车间 )历年粉尘平均浓度及游离SiO2 含量。结果 辽宁省的尘肺检出率 5 0年代为 6 .2 9% ;90年代下降到0 .83%。 11个厂矿防尘后开始接尘工人 30年工龄累计尘肺发病率为 0 .0 0 73～ 0 .15 75。尘肺发病率与粉尘浓度、游离SiO2 含量关系密切。SiO2 含量高、粉尘浓度大的金、铜矿和煤矿 (综采 )工人 30年工龄累计尘肺发病率为 0 .1139～ 0 .15 75 ;其次为钼矿、煤矿 (机采 )和耐火材料厂 (0 .0 32 9～ 0 .0 82 7) ;SiO2 含量低、粉尘浓度较小的铁矿和煤矿 (炮采 )为 0 .0 0 73～0 .0 10 5。结论 当前我国尘肺危害仍较严重 ,建议加速立法、制订规划 ,以解决我国尘肺问题
Objective To study the current incidence of pneumoconiosis in factories and mines. Methods According to the unified design scheme, the incidence of pneumoconiosis in 11 factories and mines and one comprehensive area (Liaoning Province) were retrospectively investigated. Based on the different age distribution tables for dust collection, the cumulative incidence of pneumoconiosis for 30 years of service was calculated using the life table method. The samples were re-sampled and analyzed by the first sampling method and the weighted average method of surrounding rock composition, and the average dust concentration and free SiO2 content of the dust (workshop) over the calendar year were calculated. Results The detection rate of pneumoconiosis in Liaoning Province was 6.29% in the 1950s and 0.83% in the 1990s. 11 factory dust began to catch the dust 30-year cumulative occupational pneumoconiosis incidence rate of 0.073 ~ 0.1575. The incidence of pneumoconiosis is closely related to dust concentration and free SiO2 content. The 30-year cumulative incidence of pneumoconiosis in gold, copper mines and coal mines (fully mechanized) workers with high SiO2 and dust concentrations was 0.1139-0.1575; followed by molybdenum mines, coal mines and refractory plants (0. 0329 ~ 0. 0 82 7). The iron ores and coal mines (SiO2) with low SiO2 content and small dust concentration ranged from 0.0073 to 0.0105. Conclusions At present, the harmful effects of pneumoconiosis in our country are still serious. It is suggested to speed up legislation and formulate plans to solve the pneumoconiosis issue in our country