静校正问题影响着地震波成像和构造解释的精度,国内几十年的静校正研究历程表明,复杂的近地表结构是影响地震勘探静校正量的重要因素。为此,从用近地表速度模型模拟复杂近地表结构、近地表结构底界的界定、复杂近地表结构的历史变迁研究入手,逐渐形成了一套成熟的静校正办法,即用层析反演近地表速度模型、模拟近地表结构,通过速度模型和初至时间计算长、短波长的静校正量,从而消除复杂近地表结构对地震勘探成果的影响。 The problem of static correction affects the accuracy of seismic imaging and tectonic interpretation. The decades of research on static correction in China indicates that the complicated near-surface structure is an important factor affecting the static correction of seismic exploration. Therefore, starting from the study of the near surface velocity model to simulate the definition of complex near-surface structures, the definition of the near-surface structure underbodies and the historical changes of complex near-surface structures, a set of mature static correction methods have been gradually formed, Near-surface velocity model, simulate near-surface structure, calculate the static correction of long-wavelength and short-wavelength by the velocity model and the first arrival time, so as to eliminate the influence of complex near-surface structure on the seismic exploration results.