本综合症于1963年首先由Reye等报告,是小儿时期的一种特殊神经疾患,好发于4月至5岁的小儿,以急性脑病与肝脏功能不全为主要临床表现,病理特点为急性脑肿胀及内脏(主要是肝脏)脂肪变性。近年来各国均有报道,以泰国和美国报道的发病数高,国内据不完全统计已报告逾100例。关于本病的命名有小儿急性中毒性脑病、婴儿急性特发性脑病、脑肿胀、脑病合并内脏脂肪变性、Reye′s综合症等目前尚未统一。最近我科收治1例,报道如下:患儿,女,3岁。于入院前四天开始发热,伴有腹泻及呕吐。大便日4—5次,糊状无脓血,呕吐非喷射性为胃内容物。食纳减少。四天来 The Syndrome was first reported by Reye et al in 1963. It is a special neuropathy in infancy and occurs in children from April to 5 years old. Its main clinical manifestations are acute encephalopathy and hepatic insufficiency. The pathological features are acute brain Swelling and visceral (mainly liver) fatty degeneration. In recent years, all countries have reported that the number of reported cases in Thailand and the United States is high, and according to incomplete statistics, over 100 cases have been reported in the country. About the disease named acute toxic encephalopathy in children, infant acute idiopathic encephalopathy, brain swelling, encephalopathy with visceral steatosis, Reye’s syndrome, etc. have not yet been unified. Recently admitted to our hospital in 1 case, reported as follows: children, women, 3 years old. Four days before admission, fever started, accompanied by diarrhea and vomiting. Stools 4-5 times, pasty no abscess blood, vomiting non-injectable stomach content. Less appetite. Four days