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为给小麦高产优质栽培中氮素的合理运筹提供依据,在大田高产栽培条件下,以大穗型小麦品种兰考矮早八为试验材料,研究了返青、拔节、抽穗三个关键时期追氮对其籽粒灌浆特征和淀粉糊化特性的影响。结果表明,不同时期追氮处理小麦籽粒灌浆进程均呈“慢-快-慢”的“S”型变化曲线,Logistic方程决定系数均在0.99以上,达到极显著水平,拟合效果良好。籽粒干物重随灌浆进程的推进呈逐渐增加趋势,籽粒灌浆速率与粒重呈显著正相关,而灌浆持续时间与粒重形成无显著相关,表明提高籽粒灌浆速率对增加该品种粒重尤为重要。不同时期追氮对兰考矮早八籽粒灌浆及淀粉特性的效应不同,以抽穗期追氮籽粒干物质积累量和灌浆速率最大。随施氮时期的后移,籽粒直链淀粉含量下降,而支链淀粉、总淀粉含量及淀粉糊化特性则以拔节期追氮处理最高(优)。
In order to provide a basis for the rational operation of nitrogen in high-yielding and high-yielding cultivation of wheat, under the conditions of high-yielding cultivation in the field, taking the large-spike wheat variety Lankaoaoba 8 as test material, Its grain filling characteristics and starch gelatinization characteristics. The results showed that the “S” shape curve of “slow-fast-slow” and “S” -type curve of wheat under topdressing nitrogen were different at different periods. The Logistic equation was all above 0.99, reaching the extremely significant level. good. Dry weight of grain increased gradually with the progress of grain filling. There was a significant positive correlation between grain filling rate and grain weight, while grain filling duration had no significant correlation with grain weight formation. It indicated that increasing grain filling rate was particularly important for increasing grain weight. The effect of topdressing nitrogen on the grain filling and starch properties of Lankao Aizao 8 was different in different periods. The accumulation of dry matter and the grain filling rate of topdressing nitrogen were the maximum at heading stage. The grain amylose content decreased with the postponing of nitrogen application period, while the content of amylopectin, total starch and starch gelatinization were the highest (excellent) at the jointing stage.