[目的]了解厦门市中小学生口腔保健知识及行为现状。[方法]对1 672名城乡中小学生进行问卷调查,用SPSS软件包统计分析。[结果]学生刷牙率为100%,每天刷2~3次占60.8%,正确刷牙率仅16.5%;患龋率为57.7%,治疗率为9.1%,窝沟封闭充填率为28.8%。城乡学生口腔保健行为差显著异。[结论]厦门市中小学生刷牙率高,但掌握口腔保健知识和方法存在差距。因此,应深入开展学校口腔健康教育,改善和规范中小学生的口腔保健行为。 [Objective] To understand the oral health knowledge and behavior status of primary and secondary school students in Xiamen. [Method] A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 672 primary and secondary school students in urban and rural areas. The data were analyzed by SPSS software package. [Results] The students brushing rate was 100%, brushing 2 ~ 3 times 60.8%, the correct brushing rate was only 16.5%; the caries prevalence was 57.7%, the treatment rate was 9.1%, the pit and fissure filling rate was 28.8%. Urban and rural students oral health differences were significantly different. [Conclusion] The brushing rate of primary and secondary students in Xiamen is high, but there is a gap between mastery of oral health care knowledge and methods. Therefore, we should conduct in-depth oral health education in schools to improve and standardize primary and secondary school students oral health behavior.