作为认知语言学的重要理论之一,“图形——背景”理论可用于语言研究,为研究提供一种新的视角与方法,其对中国古代文学作品具有一定的解释力。为促进对元代特有的文学艺术形式——元曲的理解,基于认知语言学中的“图形——背景”理论,以及前人的研究成果,以元曲《天净沙·秋思》为语料,从中一一搜集图形与背景的描写实例,根据“图形——背景”理论的十大关系逐条解释,深入挖掘语言表达背后的认知机制,加深对此类文学作品的理解与把握。 As one of the important theories of cognitive linguistics, “graphic - background ” theory can be used in linguistic research, providing a new perspective and method for research, which has some explanatory power on Chinese ancient literary works. In order to promote the unique literary and artistic form of Yuan Dynasty - the understanding of Yuan Qu, based on the theory of “graphic - background ” in cognitive linguistics and the research achievements of predecessors, As a corpus, from a collection of examples of graphics and background description, according to “graphics - background” theory of the ten major relationships one by one explained, dig deeper cognitive mechanism behind the language expression, deepen the understanding of such literary works And grasp.