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目的分析贵州省黔西南州近13年来狂犬病的流行特征、探讨流行因素,为制定防制策略提供依据。方法收集2002—2014年黔西南州狂犬病疫情资料、狂犬病个案资料和调查处置资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2002—2014年黔西南州报告人狂犬病575例,均为临床诊断,年发病率0.10/10万~4.54/10万,年均发病率为1.48/10万,其中2005年发病率最高(4.54/10万),2003年发病率最低(0.10/10万),各年间发病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=445.31,P<0.05);全州9个县(市、区)均有病例报告,安龙县发病最多(145例)、发病率2.57/10万,义龙新区发病最少(1例)、发病率0.27/10万,各县(市、区)发病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=151.98,P<0.05);8月发病最多(76例)、占13.22%,12月发病最少(16例)、占2.78%,各月发病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=63.99,P<0.05);男性407例、发病率2.03/10万,女性168例、发病率0.90/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=83.37,P<0.05);暴露后未进行伤口处理333例、占67.68%,自行处理伤口127例、占25.82%,80.08%病例未接种人用狂犬病疫苗。结论立法规范犬只管理及强化免疫,做好健康教育工作、加强群众防病意识、规范犬伤暴露后处置并提高补助减轻群众负担,是防制狂犬病的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Qianxinan Prefecture in Guizhou Province during the past 13 years and to explore the epidemic factors to provide basis for the development of prevention and control strategies. Methods The rabies epidemic data, rabies case data and investigation and disposal data in Qianxinan Prefecture from 2002 to 2014 were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results 575 rabies cases were reported from Qianxinan Prefecture in 2002-2014, all of which were clinically diagnosed. The annual incidence rate was 0.10 / 100,000 to 4.54 / 100,000 and the annual average incidence rate was 1.48 / 100,000. The highest incidence was found in 2005 (4.54 / 100,000). The morbidity rate was the lowest in 2003 (0.10 / 100,000). The incidence of disease in each year was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 445.31, P <0.05) Case reports, Anlun County incidence (145 cases), the incidence of 2.57 / 100,000, Yilong New District incidence of at least (1 case), the incidence rate of 0.27 / 100,000, the county (city, district) incidence was statistically significant (Χ ~ 2 = 151.98, P <0.05). The incidence in August was the highest (76 cases), accounting for 13.22%. The incidence was lowest in December (16 cases), accounting for 2.78%. The incidence of each month was statistically significant (χ (2 ~ 63.99, P <0.05). There were 407 males with an incidence of 2.03 / lakh and 168 females, with a prevalence of 0.90 per 100 000, with a significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 83.37, P <0.05) After the wound treatment without 333 cases, accounting for 67.68%, 127 cases of wounds themselves, accounting for 25.82%, 80.08% of cases were not vaccinated rabies vaccines. Conclusion It is the key to prevent rabies by standardizing the management of dogs and strengthening immunization, doing a good job of health education, strengthening the awareness of disease prevention among the masses, regulating post-exposure treatment of dogs and warts and increasing subsidies to reduce the burden on the masses.