论文部分内容阅读
本文研究长期以来受到冷落的读者批评,辨析了作为批评主体的读者批评不同于作为批评方法的读者反应批评。读者批评或称为“自发的批评”、“公众的批评”、“口头批评”、“绅士的批评”,是由有文化、有修养、有文学鉴赏趣味、有审美判断能力的读书人作出的。这种批评除了表现为口头形式之外,还出现在通信、日记和私人手记等语言的代用品以及报纸批评和编辑批评当中。文章着重论述了读者批评具有自发性、印象式、真实性、尖锐性、时效性、大众性等一系列特征,特别阐明了读者批评的自发性、对话式和绅士风度。同时分析了读者批评所存在的不读书而妄加评论、容易受到小集团的浸染、因追赶时髦而难以避免判断上的错误等各种不足。文章最后指出读者批评在今天中国的存在的根据和意义。
This paper studies the long-neglected readers’ criticism, and discerns the reader’s criticism as the main body of criticism from the reader’s reactionary criticism as the criticism method. Readers’ criticisms, or “spontaneous criticisms,” “public criticisms,” “verbal criticisms,” and “gentleman’s criticisms,” are made by literati who are culturally, cultured, literate and have aesthetic judgment. In addition to being expressed verbally, such criticisms appear in substitutes for languages such as communications, diaries and personal notes as well as in newspaper criticism and editorial criticism. The essay focuses on a series of features such as spontaneity, impressionism, authenticity, sharpness, timeliness, massness and so on, especially illustrating the spontaneity, conversational style and gentlemanly style of readers’ criticism. At the same time, it analyzes the various problems that the readers criticize such as the existence of non-reading, improper comment, vulnerable to small groups, catching up with fashion and avoiding judgment errors. Finally, the article points out the basis and significance of readers’ criticism in today’s China.