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目的为了解西安市近5年来5岁以下儿童死亡状况及变化趋势,从而制定相应的干预措施。方法采用SPSS13.0统计软件对2010至2014年西安市5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料进行统计分析。结果 2010至2014年西安市新生儿死亡率呈下降趋势(趋势x~2=5.32,P<0.05),降幅31.38%,婴儿死亡率和5岁以下儿童死亡率均无明显下降(趋势x~2值分别为2.87、2.84,均P>0.05);女童组和城区的新生儿死亡率、婴儿死亡率和5岁以下儿童死亡率均呈波动式下降趋势,差异有统计学差异(女童组的趋势x~2值分别为5.59、4.61、6.91,城区的趋势x~2值分别为6.75、7.83、10.21,均P<0.05),女童组降幅分别为38.40%、18.75%和36.40%,城区降幅则分别为46.00%、44.70%和44.65%;5年间,早产和低出生体重死亡率呈下降趋势(趋势x~2=6.35,P<0.05),降幅为58.90%,其余5种死因无明显下降(均P>0.05);近5年西安市5岁以下儿童死亡前5位死因顺位变化不大,先天性心脏病始终居于首位,肺炎死亡顺位下降,意外窒息则有所上升。结论西安市5岁以下儿童死亡率已下降至平台期,但仍有下降空间,需进一步加强管理,采取综合有效的干预措施降低我市5岁以下儿童死亡率。
Objective To understand the death and changes of children under 5 in Xi’an in the recent 5 years and to make corresponding interventions. Methods SPSS13.0 statistical software was used to analyze the death monitoring data of children under 5 years old in Xi’an from 2010 to 2014. Results The neonatal mortality rate in Xi’an dropped from 2010 to 2014 (trend x ~ 2 = 5.32, P <0.05), with a decrease of 31.38%. There was no significant decrease in infant mortality rate and child mortality rate in children under 5 years old (trend x ~ 2 Values were 2.87, 2.84, all P> 0.05). Neonatal mortality rate, infant mortality rate and death rate of children under 5 years old in both girls and urban areas showed a downward trend of fluctuation with a statistically significant difference the value of x ~ 2 was 5.59, 4.61, 6.91 respectively, the urban trend x ~ 2 was 6.75, 7.83 and 10.21 respectively, all of which were 38.40%, 18.75% and 36.40% Respectively, 46.00%, 44.70% and 44.65% respectively. The mortality rate of premature birth and low birth weight showed a decreasing trend in 5 years (trend x ~ 2 = 6.35, P <0.05), with a decrease of 58.90% All P> 0.05). In the recent 5 years, the top 5 causes of death among children under 5 years of age in Xi’an did not change much. Congenital heart disease always ranked the first place. The deaths of pneumonia decreased in sequence and the accidental suffocation increased. Conclusions The mortality rate of children under 5 years of age in Xi’an has dropped to plateau, but there is still room for decline. It is necessary to further strengthen management and take comprehensive and effective interventions to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 in our city.