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一、Wh-问句及其特征最典型的wh-移位发生在wh-问句中,包括直接wh-问句和间接wh-问句。看下面的直接wh-问句(1)a.Who did John meet? b.[IP John[I’did[VP meet[NP who]]]]? c.[CP Whoi didk[IP John[I’tk[vp meet ti]]]]?从上句可以看出两种移位:一是中心语移位:助动词did从IP中心语位置移到主语之前。二是wh-移位,wh-词who从动词补语位置移到句首。现在看看wh-移位中的移位成分及特征(1)中移动的是一个wh-词;(2),(3)表明,移动成分还可以是其它类型的成分:(2)What book will you borrow? (3)With whom will you go to the cinema?
Wh-questions and their features The most typical wh-shift occurs in wh-questions, including direct wh-questions and indirect wh-questions. See the following direct wh-question (1) a.Who did John meet? B. [IP John [I’did [VP meet [NP who]]]]? C. [CP Whoi didk [IP John [I ’ tk [vp meet ti]]]]? Can be seen from the previous two shifts: First, the central language shift: auxiliary verb did not move from the IP center position before the subject. Second, wh-shift, wh-word who moved from the verb position to the beginning of the sentence. Now look at the shift components and features in wh-shift (1), moving a wh-word; (2), (3) show that the moving components can also be other types of components: (2) What book will you borrow? (3) With whom will you go to the cinema?