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[目的]探讨原发性肝癌(PLC)外科治疗方法与患者术后肿瘤复发和生活质量之间的关联性.[方法]根据治疗方式不同,将358例PLC患者分为两组,肝叶切除组(n=308)和肝移植组(n=50).根据肝功能差异,将肝切除病人分为中重度肝硬化组(n=34)、轻度肝硬化组(n=230)和无肝硬化组(n=44).比较两组患者术后生存率、肿瘤复发率和生活质量.[结果]肝叶切除组1、3、5累积生存率和复发率与肝移植组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);但中重度肝硬化患者3年、5年生存率低于轻度肝硬化、无肝硬化患者;1、3、5累积生复发率高于轻度、无肝硬化患者,且差异有显著性(P0.05).肝叶切除组患者躯体功能(PH)、心理功能(PS)、症状/副作用(ST)、社会功能(SO)、自我评价及总分均低于肝移植组(P0.05).The 3-year and 5-year survival rates of patients with moderate to severe liver cirrhosis were lower and the 1-year,3-year and 5-year cumulative recurrence rates were higher than in the mild cirrhosis patients and the patients without cirrhosis (P0.05).The scores of physical function (PH),mental function (PS),symptoms/side effects (ST),social function (SO),self-evaluation and the total score were lower in the liver resection group than the liver transplantation group (P<0.01).Correlation analysis showed that the two operation methods and the degree of liver cirrhosis were closely related to tumor recurrence rate and quality of life.[Conclusion]The short-term and long-term curative effects of liver resection and liver transplantation are similar in the treatment of non-cirrhosis or mild cirrhosis.However,the tumor recurrence rate is high in patients with moderate to severe liver cirrhosis after liver resection,which will decrease the quality of life.