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古罗马的保护关系最早源于王政时期,它与当时的氏族制度和家族制度密切相关,其构成也因时因地而异。一般说来,保护人多由有权势、有地位和有财富的罗马公民担任;被保护人则由外国人、被释奴、职业士兵和贫弱居民等组成。保护人与被保护人各自均有相应的职责与义务,这在各个时期亦有区别和变化。社会不平等程度越高,社会安全性能越低,保护关系也就愈发展。进入共和晚期与帝国时期,罗马的保护关系得以充分发展,而且保护人与被保护人的角色、地位和态度也发生了有趣的变化,甚至出现了奇特的“反向保护”现象。所有这些对当时社会的政治、经济、军事和文化诸方面都有着广泛而深刻的影响。
The protection relationship of ancient Rome originated from the period of Wang Zheng. It was closely related to the clan system and clan system at that time, and its composition also varies from time to time. Generally, the guardians are mostly Roman citizens with power, status and wealth. Protected persons are foreigners, liberated slaves, professional soldiers and the poor and the poor. Protectors and protectors each have their own respective responsibilities and obligations, which are also different in different periods and changes. The higher the degree of social inequality, the lower the social security performance and the more the protection of relations. During the late Republican Period and the Empire, the protection of Rome was fully developed, and the roles, status and attitudes of the guardians and the protected persons also changed in an interesting way, and even a peculiar “reverse protection” phenomenon occurred. All of these have a widespread and profound impact on the political, economic, military and cultural aspects of the society at that time.