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目的了解深圳市某蓄电池生产企业铅污染状况及其对工人健康的影响,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法采用回顾性调查方法,对某蓄电池生产企业2011—2015年工作场所铅危害监测和铅作业工人在岗期间和岗前职业健康检查情况进行分析。结果该企业2011年铅危害监测合格率低(44.44%),2012年合格率显著提升(79.17%),2013—2015年合格率均为100%。2011—2015年在岗期间563人,职业健康检查发现血铅超标88例,超标率为15.63%,岗前检查1 042人,发现血铅超标33例,超标率为3.17%,两组人员血铅超标率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=81.455,P<0.01)。2011—2015年铅作业在岗工人血铅超标率呈下降趋势,各年度血铅水平分布差异有统计学意义(χ~2=15.632,P<0.01),2011年血铅超标率及血铅浓度达轻度中毒水平的比例均高于其他各年。结论人体血铅水平与作业环境铅浓度有关,设置合理的排毒通风设施,切实降低工作场所铅浓度,是控制铅污染、防治职业铅危害的关键措施。
Objective To understand the status of lead pollution and its impact on workers’ health in a battery manufacturing enterprise in Shenzhen, and to provide the basis for making prevention and control strategies. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to analyze the lead hazard monitoring in the workplace of a battery manufacturer from 2011 to 2015 and occupational health checkup during the period of on-job and pre-job. As a result, the compliance rate of lead hazard monitoring in 2011 was low (44.44%), and the passing rate in 2012 was significantly increased (79.17%). The pass rate was 100% in 2013-2015. During the period from 2011 to 2015, 563 people were on post, and 88 were found to have over-standard blood lead by occupational health examination. The exceeding standard rate was 15.63%. The pre-job examination was 1 042 and 33 cases of excessive blood lead were found. The exceeding standard rate was 3.17% Exceeded the rate of difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 81.455, P <0.01). In 2011-2015, lead levels exceeded the standard of lead in lead workers, and the distribution of blood lead in each year showed a significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 15.632, P <0.01). In 2011, Mild poisoning levels were higher than the other years. Conclusion The level of lead in human body is related to the concentration of lead in working environment. Providing proper detoxification and ventilation facilities and effectively reducing lead concentration in the workplace are the key measures to control lead pollution and prevent and control occupational lead.