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目的分析福州市2016年登革热暴发疫情的流行病学特征,评价防控效果,探讨有效控制登革热的策略。方法采用流行病学方法对2016年登革热疫情资料进行分析,了解其流行因素及特征。布雷图指数为蚊媒蚴虫密度监测的主要指标,采用自制防逃逸捕虫网进行成蚊密度监测。结果福州市2016年共报告907例本土登革热病例,疫情涉及7个县(市)区,8—9月为发病高峰,期间报告病例798例(87.98%);闽侯县、仓山区、长乐县共报告801例(88.31%)本地病例;907例病例中,男性426例,女性481例,男女比0.89∶1。病例最小9岁,最大91岁,患者年龄中位数为54岁;发病人群以家务及待业为主281例(30.98%);88.75%的病例体温超过38℃。近半数的的病例有头痛、肌肉痛;以家庭为单位的本土登革热聚集性事件共发生55起,涉及118人。10月下旬,闽侯县平均布雷图指数下降到4.99,长乐市平均布雷图指数下降到0.87,11月下旬仓山区平均布雷图指数下降到3.43。福州市共搜索592 279例病例,通过主动搜索发现了476例登革热确诊病例。2016年福州市本地登革热疫情系II型登革病毒引起。结论加强蚊媒监测与病例搜索,多部门联动,在疫情早期采用综合防控措施,是控制疫情蔓延的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue outbreaks in Fuzhou in 2016, evaluate the prevention and control effects, and explore strategies to effectively control dengue fever. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of dengue outbreak in 2016 to understand the epidemiological factors and characteristics. The Bretti Index is the main index for monitoring the density of mosquito-borne larvae. The self-made anti-escape insect net is used to monitor the density of adult mosquitoes. Results A total of 907 cases of local dengue fever were reported in Fuzhou City in 2016. The outbreaks were related to 7 counties (cities) in the epidemic. The peak incidence was from August to September, with 798 cases (87.98%) reported during the period. Minhou County, Cangshan District, Changle County A total of 801 local cases (88.31%) were reported. Among 907 cases, 426 were male and 481 were female, with a ratio of 0.89 to 1.89. The case was a minimum of 9 years old and the maximum was 91 years old. The median age of patients was 54 years old. The incidence of domestic chores was 281 cases (30.98%) with chores and unemployed; 88.75% of cases were over 38 ℃. Nearly half of the cases were headache and muscle ache; there were 55 local dengue aggregation events involving 118 families. In late October, the average Breton index in Minhou County dropped to 4.99, and the average Brettill index in Changle dropped to 0.87. In the latter part of November, the average Brettill Index in Cangshan dropped to 3.43. A total of 592,279 cases were searched in Fuzhou, and 476 confirmed cases of dengue fever were found through active search. In 2016, the local dengue fever in Fuzhou was caused by dengue virus type II. Conclusion Strengthening the mosquito vector surveillance and case search, multi-sectoral linkage, and integrated prevention and control measures in the early stage of the outbreak are the keys to control the outbreak.