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目的分析2005年海南省的霍乱流行特征及流行因素,为今后制定预防控制措施提供现场科学依据。方法采用统一的霍乱流行病学调查表开展现场调查,用EXCEL统计软件对调查结果进行统计分析。结果2005年7~9月全省共报告霍乱确诊病例45例,带菌7名,发病率为0.56/10万;病例分布在6个市(县),以海口市和定安县为主,分别占总发病数的60.0%和26.7%;流行高峰期在9月中旬,报告病例30例,占全部病例数的66.7%;男女性别比为1:1.1,以20~49岁人群为主,占53.3%,农民与商业服务人员为主要发病人群,分别占全部病例数的25.0%和20.5%;所有病例均经食物传播,80.0%的病例在病前5d内有海产品进食史。流行菌型以稻叶1d型为主,占96.2%;流行形式有散发和爆发,其中爆发三起,报告病例35例,占全部病例数的79.5%。结论聚餐爆发是海南省2005年霍乱的主要流行形式,经食物传播是唯一的传播途径,海产品是主要的危险因素。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and epidemic factors of cholera in Hainan Province in 2005 and provide on-site scientific evidence for the future prevention and control measures. Methods Uniform cholera epidemiology questionnaire was used to carry out on-the-spot investigation and the results were statistically analyzed with EXCEL statistical software. Results From July to September in 2005, 45 cases of cholera were diagnosed in the province and 7 of them were carriers, with a prevalence of 0.56 / 100 000. The cases were distributed in 6 cities (counties) 60.0% of the total number of cases and 26.7% of the total cases; the peak of the epidemic in mid-September, 30 cases were reported, accounting for 66.7% of the total cases; the sex ratio was 1: 1.1 for men and women, %, Peasants and commercial service personnel are the main disease groups, accounting for 25.0% and 20.5% of the total number of cases respectively; all cases are food-borne, and 80.0% of the cases have seafood consumption history within 5 days before disease. The prevailing strains were rice leaf type 1d, accounting for 96.2%. There were three epidemics, including 35 cases, accounting for 79.5% of the total cases. Conclusion The outbreak of dinning was the main epidemic form of cholera in Hainan Province in 2005. The only route of transmission was food-borne disease. Seafood was the major risk factor.