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我国西南岩溶区水土流失及其引发的石漠化问题已经非常突出,西南岩溶石山区的水土保持和石漠化治理已成为岩溶区生态环境问题研究的热点。以广西岩溶石山区水土保持和生态恢复已经取得显著成效的果化、弄拉和环江三个示范区为研究对象,从工程措施、林草措施和农艺措施三个方面分别进行了阐述,比较了各示范区这三大水土保持措施的共性、特色和所取得的生态经济效益。果化、弄拉和环江的水土保持成功模式表明,合理地规划和布局岩溶区水土保持宏观发展体系,因地制宜地运用水土保持三大措施,建立立体化生态农业,发展适宜当地环境的作物、水果和药材,以科学技术服务生态建设和土地改良,可以很好地发挥水土保持三大效益,并改善生态环境。
Soil erosion and the rock desertification problems caused by karst areas in Southwest China have become very prominent. Soil and water conservation and desertification control in karst rocky areas in southwest China have become the hotspots of ecological environment research in karst areas. Taking the three demonstration areas of fruit, grass, water and soil in the karst rocky area of Guangxi as the research object, which have achieved remarkable results in soil and water conservation and ecological restoration, the paper has elaborated on three aspects of engineering measures, forest and grass measures and agronomic measures respectively. The demonstration areas of the three major water and soil conservation measures commonalities, characteristics and the ecological and economic benefits achieved. The successful models of water and soil conservation in Gansu, Gulang and Huanjiang show that they can rationally plan and layout the macroscopic development system of soil and water conservation in karst areas, apply three measures of soil and water conservation according to local conditions, establish three-dimensional ecological agriculture, develop crops suitable for local environment, Fruits and medicinal materials, ecological construction of science and technology services and land improvement can well exert the three major benefits of soil and water conservation and improve the ecological environment.