随着计划生育政策和城市化进程的双重影响,农村小学入学儿童锐减,教师编制处于饱和或超编状态,教师年龄偏大且师资结构性短缺,农村小学教育质量出现滑波。本文以赣西山地丘陵地区的宜春市为调查对象,揭示中国城市化进程中农村小学教育状况。 With the double impact of the family planning policy and the urbanization process, the enrollment of children in rural primary schools dropped sharply, the teacher establishment was in a state of oversupply or overstanding, the teachers were older and teachers’ structure was in short supply, and the quality of rural primary education slid. This article takes Yichun City in mountainous and hilly area of ​​western Jiangxi as an example to reveal the status of rural primary education in the process of urbanization in China.