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基本药物制度是国家药物政策基石，在我国已进入深度完善阶段，面临着制度链条环节间长期扣合不足导致的若干问题。作者基于社会制度公平理论视角，通过对基本药物国际内涵演变、制度动态变迁和现存问题的梳理界定，认为现阶段基本药物制度应回溯其公平本质内涵，结合其自身鲜明的内涵定位以及医保制度发展、医疗机构改革实际，从基本药物现阶段的核心问题出发，在病种的契合、支付的衔接、配备使用的适宜、供应保障的贯穿上提出系列建议。“,”The essential drug system is the cornerstone of the national drug policy, and its implementation in China has entered a stage of deep improvement, facing a number of problems caused by the long-term insufficient connection between the links of the system chain. Based on the theory of social institutional equity, the authors defined the international connotation evolution, institutional dynamic change and existing problems of the essential drugs, and believed that the essential drug system at the present stage should go back to its essence of equity. Combined with its own distinct connotation positioning, the development of medical insurance system and the reality of medical institution reform, starting from the core problems of essential drugs at the present stage, the authors put forward a series of suggestions on the fit of species, the convergence of payment, the suitability of equipment and use, and the penetration of supply guarantee.