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目的探析早期气管切开治疗颅脑外伤和脑出血患者的临床效果及安全性。方法选择2014年1—6月收治的76例颅脑外伤与脑出血患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组各38例。对照组患者给予非早期气管切开术治疗,观察组患者给予早期气管切开术治疗。观察两组治疗效果、病情控制时间、住院时间、死亡及不良反应发生情况等。计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果观察组总有效率为89.47%,明显优于对照组的73.68%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组病情控制时间和住院时间分别为(5.73±1.22)、(9.02±2.01)d,均明显短于对照组的(7.38±1.43)、(13.59±2.21)d,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组肺部感染率和不良反应发生率分别为7.89%、10.53%,均显著低于对照组的31.58%、28.95%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论颅脑外伤和脑出血患者早期进行气管切开治疗,可以有效改善患者的临床症状,疗效显著,安全可靠。
Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of early tracheotomy in patients with craniocerebral trauma and intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods Sixty-six patients with craniocerebral trauma and intracerebral hemorrhage admitted from January to June 2014 were selected as study subjects and randomly divided into control group and observation group of 38 patients. Patients in the control group were treated with non-early tracheotomy and patients in the observation group were treated with early tracheotomy. Two groups were observed the treatment effect, disease control time, hospital stay, death and adverse reactions. Measurement data using t test, count data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The total effective rate of observation group was 89.47%, which was significantly better than that of control group (73.68%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The duration of control and hospital stay in the observation group were (5.73 ± 1.22) and (9.02 ± 2.01) days, respectively, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group (7.38 ± 1.43 and 13.59 ± 2.21 days, respectively) All P <0.05). The rates of lung infection and adverse reactions in the observation group were 7.89% and 10.53%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (31.58% and 28.95%, both P <0.05). Conclusion Tracheotomy in patients with craniocerebral trauma and intracerebral hemorrhage can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with significant curative effect and is safe and reliable.