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日本从1970年开始进入老龄化社会,目前是世界上老龄化率最高的国家之一。随着老年人口比例的加速上升,老年人的护理需求也日益增长。2000年护理保险制度的实施使日本产生了巨大的护理劳动市场。然而,近年来劳动力不足以及护理劳动者的待遇差等却成为日本护理市场面临的最大问题。本文主要以劳动报酬的相关理论框架为基础,以护理劳动者的合理化薪资水平为着眼点,探讨日本护理报酬制度的设计、运行机制及存在的问题,并在此基础上阐明护理报酬制度的改革方向及对中国的启示。
Japan has entered the aging society since 1970 and is currently one of the countries with the highest rates of aging in the world. As the proportion of the elderly population accelerates, the demand for care for the elderly is also on the rise. The implementation of the nursing insurance system in 2000 led to a huge labor market for care in Japan. However, in recent years, the shortage of labor force and the poor treatment of care workers have become the biggest problems facing the Japanese nursing market. Based on the relevant theoretical framework of labor remuneration, this paper focuses on the rationalization of wages for nursing workers, discusses the design, operation mechanism and existing problems of Japan’s care remuneration system, and on this basis, clarifies the reform of nursing remuneration system Orientation and Enlightenment to China.