目的探讨小儿骨密度与孕期补钙的关系,为临床预防小儿低骨密度提供依据。方法随机选择3个月～1岁的小儿732名,用超声骨密度仪测量胫骨中段骨密度,同时,询问母亲孕期补钙情况、腓肠肌痉挛次数、孕后期所处季节等。结果母亲在孕期补钙的婴幼儿骨密度异常率为23.3%,母亲在孕期未补钙的婴幼儿骨密度异常率为40.6%,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在孕期出现腓肠肌痉挛次数越多骨密度异常率越高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。母亲孕后期在冬春季的婴幼儿骨密度异常率为44.4%,母亲孕后期在夏秋季的婴幼儿骨密度异常率为26.5%,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小儿低骨密度的发生与孕期是否补钙、腓肠肌痉挛的次数及怀孕后期所处的季节有关。 Objective To explore the relationship between the bone mineral density in children and the calcium supplement during pregnancy and provide the basis for clinical prevention of children with low bone mineral density. Methods 732 children aged 3 months to 1 year were randomly selected. The bone mineral density in the middle part of tibia was measured by ultrasonic bone densitometry. Meanwhile, the mothers’ calcium supplementation during pregnancy, the frequency of gastrocnemius muscle spasm and the season of pregnancy were also investigated. Results The abnormal rate of bone mineral density in infants and young children with calcium supplement during pregnancy was 23.3%. The abnormal rate of bone mineral density in infants and young children without calcium supplement during pregnancy was 40.6%. There was significant difference (P <0.05). Gastrocnemius spasm occurred more frequently during pregnancy, the higher the abnormal rate of bone mineral density, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The abnormal rate of bone mineral density in infants and young children during the second trimester of pregnancy was 44.4% in the second trimester of pregnancy, and 26.5% in infants and young children in the second trimester of pregnancy. There was significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). Conclusion The incidence of low BMD in children is related to the number of calcium and gastrocnemius cramps in pregnancy and the season of pregnancy.