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目的:比较慢加急性肝衰竭(ACLF)与失代偿性肝硬化(DC)患者急性肾损伤(AKI)的临床特点。方法:回顾性收集ACLF和DC患者的人口学资料、临床检查结果、诊疗经过等信息。比较ACLF合并AKI与DC合并AKI的临床特点及其对90 d死亡风险的影响。结果:比较ACLF-AKI和DC-AKI患者的临床特点，结果显示ACLF-AKI患者白细胞计数、中性粒细胞绝对值、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、总胆红素（TBil）均高于DC-AKI患者，凝血酶原活动度（PTA）、白蛋白低于DC-AKI患者，差异有统计学意义（n P < 0.05）；ACLF-AKI患者合并感染的比例显著高于DC-AKI组（96.9%对比39.5%）（ n P < 0.05）;在诊断AKI时，ACLF患者的血肌酐中位值为147 μmol/L（IQR：122～189），而DC组患者的血肌酐中位值为123.5 μmol/L（IQR：103.8～155.5），两组差异有统计学意义（ n P < 0.05）；按照肝硬化HRS-AKI诊断标准，在ACLF-AKI患者中44例（68.8%）符合HRS-AKI诊断，显著高于DC-AKI患者中HRS-AKI的比例[18例（47.4%）]（ n P < 0.05）。DC-AKI患者30 d内死亡或肝移植4例（10.5%）、90 d内死亡或肝移植8例（21.1%），而在ACLF-AKI患者中，22例患者（34.4%）30 d内死亡或肝移植、35例（54.7%）90 d内死亡或肝移植；显著高于DC-AKI患者，χ n 2值分别为7.140、11.062；n P < 0.05。多因素回归分析结果提示影响DC患者90 d死亡的独立危险因素有肝性脑病、消化道出血、TBil；而影响ACLF患者90 d死亡风险的独立危险因素包括AKI、PTA、TBil。n 结论:与DC-AKI患者相比，ACLF-AKI患者中感染比例更高，诊断AKI时的血肌酐水平更高，病情进展更快，造成的死亡风险更大。“,”Objective:To compare the clinical features between patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and decompensated liver cirrhosis (DC) combined with acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods:Demographic data, clinical examination results, diagnosis and treatment information of ACLF and DC patients were collected retrospectively. Clinical characteristics of ACLF combined with AKI and DC combined with AKI and their impact on the 90-day mortality risk were compared.Results:The clinical characteristics of patients with ACLF-AKI and DC-AKI were compared. The results showed that the leukocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil) of ACLF-AKI patients were higher than those of DC-AKI patients, while prothrombin activity (PTA), and albumin were lower than those of DC-AKI patients, and the difference was statistically significant (n P < 0.05). The co-infection rate in patients with ACLF-AKI was significantly higher than that of DC-AKI group (96.9% vs. 39.5%) ( n P < 0.05), and during the diagnosis of AKI, the median value of serum creatinine in ACLF patients was 147 μmol / L (IQR: 122-189), while that in DC group was 123.5 μmol / L (IQR: 103.8-155.5), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( n P < 0.05). According to the HRS-AKI diagnostic criteria for liver cirrhosis, 44 (68.8%) cases of ACLF-AKI met the diagnosis of HRS -AKI, which was significantly higher than the proportion of 18 (47.4%) cases of DC-AKI ( n P < 0.05). Four (10.5%) cases of DC-AKI had died or underwent liver transplantation within 30 days and eight (21.1%) cases had died or underwent liver transplantation within 90 days, while 22 (34.4%) cases of ACLF-AKI patients had died or underwent liver transplantation within 30 days and 35 (54.7%) cases had died or underwent liver transplantation within 90 days, and n χ2 values was 7.140 and 11.062, respectively (n P < 0.05). The results of multivariate regression analysis suggested that the independent risk factors that affect the 90-days mortality rate of DC patients were hepatic encephalopathy, gastrointestinal bleeding, and TBil, while the independent risk factors affecting the 90-days death risk of ACLF patients included AKI, PTA and TBil.n Conclusion:Compared with DC-AKI patients, ACLF-AKI patients have a higher proportion of infection rate, higher serum creatinine level when diagnosed AKI, and faster disease progression, leading to a greater risk of death.