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2008年10月,冰岛爆发了严重的金融危机,国家濒临“破产”。冰岛危机的实质是金融业无限膨胀导致的金融泡沫在外部条件发生恶化时终于破裂。金融泡沫的产生与银行私有化后金融业盲目地走向国际市场以及政府放松对金融业的监管等因素有关。金融全球化趋势的快速发展为冰岛金融业的膨胀起到了推波助澜的作用。冰岛危机的教训是:银行在拓展其海外业务时没有量力而行;不能放松对金融业的监管;不能依靠信贷扩张来刺激经济;要正确处理发挥比较优势与提升产业结构的关系。
In October 2008, a serious financial crisis broke out in Iceland and the country was on the verge of bankruptcy. The essence of the crisis in Iceland was that the financial bubble caused by the infinite expansion of the financial sector finally ruptured when the external conditions worsened. The financial bubble has something to do with the financial sector’s blind international market after the privatization of banks and the relaxation of government regulation over the financial industry. The rapid development of financial globalization has played a role in fueling the financial sector in Iceland. The lesson of the crisis in Iceland is that banks have not managed to expand their overseas operations, that they can not relax regulation of the financial industry, that they can not rely on credit expansion to stimulate the economy, and that the relationship between comparative advantage and industrial structure should be properly handled.