长期以来,在我们的文艺理论研究中,“自然主义”一直是作为一个否定性的概念而出现的,甚至常常同所谓的“暴露文学”、“色情文学”划等号。这种理解如果不是错误的,至少也是肤浅的、表面化的。事实上,作为一种意义深远的文艺现象,“自然主义”同“古典主义”、“现实主义”等美学思潮一样,既有其出现的逻辑根据和历史条件,又有其独特的艺术特征和美学理想,还有其无法克服的内在矛盾。澄清这些问题,不仅可以克服我们以往对于“自然主义”的模糊认识,而且也有利于分析和理解当前的某些文艺现象。 For a long time, in our study of literary theory, “naturalism” has always appeared as a negative concept, and often equated with so-called “exposed literature” and “pornographic literature.” This understanding, if not wrong, is at least superficial and superficial. In fact, as a far-reaching literary phenomena, “naturalism” has its own unique artistic features as well as its logical basis and historical conditions as the aesthetic trends such as “classicism” and “realism” Aesthetic ideal, and its inherent contradictions that can not be overcome. To clarify these issues, we can not only overcome our previous vague understanding of “naturalism” but also help analyze and understand some of the current literary phenomenon.