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本文利用2015年陕西、山东、河南、宁夏和内蒙古五省1570户农户和100个村庄的数据,以小型农田水利设施建设为例,利用Tobit模型,选择经济异质性、退出选择、社会异质性和性别四个维度来表征异质性,考虑农户和村庄两个层面,实证分析异质性对农户参与村庄集体行动的影响效应。研究表明,农户参与村庄集体行动水平较低,经济异质性中,农业收入和小农水供水量的增加对农户参与村庄集体行动有显著的正向影响;村庄层面的姓氏异质性和是否成立农户用水者协会以及农户层面的是否担任行政职务是影响农户参与村庄集体行动的三个重要社会异质性因素;而退出选择对农户参与小农水供给的影响较为复杂,取决于退出选择和集体行动的具体特征;性别对农户参与村庄集体行动的影响有正向影响,但不显著。
Based on the data of 1570 households and 100 villages in five provinces of Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia in 2015, taking the construction of small farmland water conservancy facilities as an example, this paper uses Tobit model to select economic heterogeneity, exit choice and social heterogeneity Sex and gender to characterize the heterogeneity, and consider the two levels of farmers and villages to empirically analyze the impact of heterogeneity on the collective action of farmers in participating in the village. The research shows that the farmer participation in the collective action of the village is low, and in the economic heterogeneity, the increase of the agricultural income and the supply of the small farmer water have a significant positive influence on the farmer participation in the collective action of the village. The heterogeneity of the surname and the establishment of the village level Farmer water users Association and the level of farmers as administrative positions are three major social heterogeneity factors affecting farmers ’collective participation in the village; and the impact of opt-out on farmers’ participation in small-scale water supply is more complicated, depending on the choice of exit and collective action The gender characteristics have a positive impact on the participation of rural households in the collective actions of villages, but they are not significant.