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目的分析新疆乌鲁木齐市浅部真菌病病原菌的流行趋势。方法对2006年1月~2013年12月就诊于我院皮肤科门诊、有典型临床表现、真菌镜检及培养均阳性的822例患者进行致病病种及菌种分析。使用SPSS 17.0统计软件对于结果进行统计分析。结果 822例患者包括8个病种:体癣214例(26.0%),足癣131例(15.9%),头癣128例(15.6%),甲真菌病125例(15.2%),股癣119例(14.5%),手癣54例(6.6%),皮肤念珠菌病38例(4.6%),花斑糠疹13例(1.6%)。菌种分布以须癣毛癣菌为首位,336株(40.9%),其次为红色毛癣菌共239株(29.1%),犬小孢子菌68株(8.3%),铁锈色小孢子菌48株(5.8%),念珠菌38株(4.6%),断发毛癣菌33株(4.0%),许兰黄癣菌23株(2.8%),马拉色菌13株(1.6%),疣状毛癣菌9株(1.1%),紫色毛癣菌7株(0.9%),支顶孢霉菌4株(0.5%),曲霉、絮状表皮癣菌各2株(各0.2%)。统计学分析显示:不同性别足癣、股癣、甲真菌病及花斑糠疹构成比有统计学意义(P<0.05),除体癣及花斑糠疹外,本组其他浅部真菌病的分布在年龄方面有着明显的差别(P<0.05)。结论乌鲁木齐市浅部真菌病发病率排在前3位的依次为体癣、足癣、头癣,致病病原菌以毛癣菌为主,须癣毛癣菌为首位致病菌,其次为红色毛癣菌。足癣及甲真菌病好发于女性,而股癣及花斑糠疹好发于男性。除体癣及花斑糠疹外,不同年龄段浅部真菌病分布有明显差异,其中头癣主要好发于青少年。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of pathogenic fungi in shallow mycosis in Urumqi, Xinjiang. Methods From January 2006 to December 2013, 822 patients with typical clinical manifestations, positive fungal microscopy and positive culture were followed up in dermatology clinic of our hospital for pathogenicity and species analysis. The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 17.0 statistical software. Results 822 patients included 8 diseases: 214 cases (26.0%) of tinea corporis, 131 cases (15.9%) of tinea pedis, 128 cases of tinea capitis (15.6%), 125 cases of onychomycosis (15.2%), (14.5%), hand ringworm in 54 cases (6.6%), cutaneous candidiasis in 38 cases (4.6%) and pityriasis versicolor in 13 cases (1.6%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most common strain, accounting for 336 (40.9%), followed by 239 (29.1%) Trichophyton rubrum, 68 (8.3%) canis, (5.8%), Candida 38 strains (4.6%), Trichophyton rubrum 33 strains (4.0%), Xu Lan Trichophyton strain 23 strains (2.8%), Malassezia strain 13 9 strains of Trichophyton mentagrophytes (1.1%), 7 strains of Trichophyton rubrum (0.9%), 4 strains of Acremonium species (0.5%), 2 Aspergillus species and 2 strains of Epidermophyton floccosum (0.2% each). Statistical analysis showed that the constituent ratios of tinea pedis, jock itch, onychomycosis and pityriasis versicolor were statistically significant (P <0.05). In addition to tinea corporis and pityriasis pityriasis, other superficial fungal diseases There was a significant difference in age distribution (P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of superficial fungal diseases in Urumqi ranked first in order of body ringworm, tinea pedis and tinea capitis. The main pathogenic bacteria were Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the first pathogen, followed by red Trichophyton rubrum. Tinea pedis and onychomycosis occur in women, and jock itch and plaque pityriasis occurs in men. In addition to tinea corporis and pityriasis versicolor, superficial mycosis at different ages have significant differences in distribution, of which tinea capitis mainly occurs in adolescents.