有用的潜在市场能使洪灾损失减少到最小程度 ,其解决办法包括 :购买已建水库库区、从农民和其他土地所有者那里购买洪水淹没地带的所有权以及鼓励私人修堤 ,以保护住房 ,促进商业发展。这些私有的市场办法常常有风险、无本获利者以及与大集团有关的交易投资等因素的制约 ,不得不由政府部门采取防洪措施。因此 ,大部分市场参与者都将是公营企业实体 Useful potential markets can minimize flood damage by solutions such as buying completed reservoir areas, buying ownership of flooded areas from farmers and other landowners, and encouraging private dikes to conserve housing and facilitate business delevopment. These private market approaches are often subject to risk, no profit-taking, and transactional investment related to large conglomerates. Flood control measures have to be taken by government departments. Therefore, most market participants will be public enterprise entities