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目的观察持续的高血糖状态对视神经组织的影响。方法采用电镜与光镜，对空腹血糖浓度在１３．５～２７．１４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的实验性糖尿病大鼠视神经进行形态学观察，正常同龄大鼠作对照。结果发现在高血糖持续６个月后，视神经纤维呈退行性改变，多数轴突内神经丝部分溶解；神经纤维髓鞘呈不同程度的脱失，髓鞘结构受损；神经胶质细胞呈增生等病理改变。结论导致糖尿病视神经病理损害的主要原因可能是糖尿病引起的微循环障碍使组织缺血缺氧。
Objective To observe the effect of sustained hyperglycemia on optic nerve tissue. Methods The morphology of optic nerve in diabetic rats with fasting blood glucose concentration 13.5 ~ 27.14mmol / L was observed by electron microscope and light microscope, and normal rats of the same age were used as controls. The results showed that after 6 months of hyperglycemia, the optic nerve fibers were degeneratively changed, and most of the neurofilaments in the axons were partly dissolved. The myelin sheaths of nerve fibers were depolarized to some extent, and the myelin sheath structure was damaged. The glial cells were hyperplastic Other pathological changes. Conclusion The main reason of pathological damage of diabetic optic nerve may be that the microcirculation disturbance caused by diabetes causes tissue ischemia and hypoxia.