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针对由燃煤锅炉改造的某生物质锅炉燃烧3种特殊燃料时出现的飞灰含碳量较高、有机物附着、阴燃等异常情况进行研究。利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察飞灰微观形貌特征、能谱(EDS)分析其元素组成、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)分析飞灰晶相组成及有机物组分,为了分析飞灰中高温下的失重特性,还进行不同气氛下的热重、差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)分析。结果表明:飞灰中含有较高含量的KCl、CaCO_3、K_3Na(SO_4)_2及少量的SiO_2,同时还有一定量的芳香族化合物,并探讨锅炉设计与燃料对飞灰特性的影响,得出由于锅炉缺乏二次风的布置加之燃料高K、Ca、Cl、S,低Si等特性是导致飞灰特性出现的主要原因,并提出一种合理的二次风布置方案。
Aiming at the abnormalities such as high carbon content, organic matter attachment and smoldering, which occur when three kinds of special fuels are burned by a biomass boiler modified by a coal-fired boiler. The morphology of fly ash was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the elemental composition of EDS was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) In order to analyze the weight loss characteristics at high temperature in fly ash, TG-DSC analysis was also performed under different atmospheres. The results show that fly ash contains higher contents of KCl, CaCO_3, K_3Na (SO_4) _2 and a small amount of SiO_2, and a certain amount of aromatic compounds. The influence of boiler design and fuel on fly ash properties is also discussed. The lack of secondary air boiler layout combined with high fuel K, Ca, Cl, S, low Si and other properties are the main reasons leading to the emergence of fly ash characteristics and to propose a reasonable arrangement of the secondary air.