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改革开放以来,中国对外贸易蓬勃发展,与此同时,中国的高速公路建设迅速发展。本文利用1997~2014年的中国省级对外贸易数据和海关数据以及交通数据,从基本的贸易引力模型出发,对出口贸易和交通设施质量之间的关系进行了分析,分析发现提高基础设施质量对出口贸易产生了显著影响。以高速公路为代表的高质量公路与以其他公路(低质量公路)之间的贸易流量的距离弹性的差异在0.26~0.70之间。对于高速公路建设的内生性问题,使用1958年的铁路里程数据作为工具变量进行了处理。作为稳健性检验,分析了一级、二级公路的发展与出口之间的关系,得到相似的结果。结论表明,修建高速公路可以促进一国对外贸易的发展。
Since the reform and opening up, China’s foreign trade has boomed. At the same time, the construction of expressways in China has been developing rapidly. Based on China’s provincial foreign trade data, customs data and traffic data from 1997 to 2014, this paper analyzes the relationship between export trade and transportation facilities quality based on the basic trade gravity model, and finds that improving the quality of infrastructure Export trade had a significant impact. The difference in distance elasticity between high-quality highways represented by highways and trade flows with other highways (low-quality highways) is between 0.26 and 0.70. For the endogeneity of highway construction, the 1958 railway mileage data was used as a tool variable. As a robust test, the relationship between the development and export of primary and secondary roads was analyzed and similar results were obtained. The conclusion shows that the construction of expressways can promote the development of a country’s foreign trade.